Integration of Gujarati Immigrants in Britain

Mix of Gujarati Immigrants in Britain Gujarati Immigrants Transnational Exploration QUESTION: How does the joining of Gujarati settlers in Britain influence their cooperation in transnational exercises? Presentation This proposed research intends to comprehend interfaces among social and financial mix and investment in transnational exercises. I will concentrate on Gujarati workers as they are broadly viewed as being among the most well-to-do, fruitful and strict of Britain’s South Asian pioneers (Dwyer, 1994). The proposed research is a contextual investigation (Marshall Rossman, 1999) investigating examples of joining and support in transnational exercises inside this specific gathering. The exploration question is significant in light of the fact that I need to challenge both that all Gujarati settlers are rich and fruitful and shortsighted understandings of portioned absorption hypothesis (Kivisto, 2001; Portes, 1995; Yu Greenman, 2005). Exact proof for this reason will be accumulated by a mix of subjective and quantitative techniques. The outcomes will give a nitty gritty image of a specific gathering of migrants yet will be applicable to understanding different gatherings also. Writing Review As a hypothetical beginning stage, I will allude to crafted by Portes, who characterizes transnationalism as alluding to: â€Å"†¦a developing number of people who live double lives; communicating in two dialects, having homes in two nations, and getting by through constant ordinary contact across national fringes. Exercises inside the transnational field contain an entire range of monetary, political and social initiatives†. (Portes et al, 1999, pp. 217-218) For Portes (1995), to comprehend the connection between transnational conduct and foreigner mix we need to comprehend the hypothesis of portioned digestion. This hypothesis puts forth an attempt to comprehend the individual and relevant elements that decide into which parts of the host society second era foreigners become joined: on account of Gujarati workers, these zones will be social, monetary, social and strict. Numerous journalists have underscored that transnationalism is to a limited extent a versatile procedure a response to the threatening gathering and descending portability that settlers face in post-mechanical countries (Basch et al 1994). Be that as it may, transnational conduct and outsider incorporation is talked about contrastingly by Kivisto (2001). Kivisto contends that in spite of the transnational perspective on outsiders living in two nations simultaneously migrants are situated in one and the quick worries of the accepting nation take lead in to the more removed worries of the sending network. For Kivisto, for instance, Portes’ hypothesis of transnational migration doesn't take a gander at the variety of transnational practices among settlers with equivalent family and social connection with the nation they are from. He gives an evaluation of transnationalism that is a subset of digestion hypothesis, as opposed to an option in contrast to it and proposes that the accompanying elements ought to be considered in research on this subject: The expenses related with movement Access to correspondence advances The striking nature of country policy centered issues or financial conditions versus comparative issues in the host society How foundations in the host society may confine immigrants’ get to and the idea of their contribution The effect of mainstream society The job of country states (p.573). Yu and Greenman (2005) reprimand portioned digestion hypothesis based on an exact investigation on migration teenagers yielding two principle discoveries: First, for outsider young people living in non-destitution neighborhoods, they see absorption as decidedly connected with instructive accomplishment and mental prosperity yet additionally emphatically connected with in danger conduct. Second, there is minimal exact proof supporting the hypothesis of divided digestion. For these scholars, future examination would be progressively productive concentrating on differential procedures of osmosis instead of differential results of absorption (http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/bars/abs.html?ID=3443). Remembering this, the focal point of my examination is on Gujarati immigrants’ investment as far as its connection to reconciliation process. I am likewise drawing on Ballard’s (1994) Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain. The book contains an assortment of expositions about the various, multicultural South Asian people group in Britain, including Gujarati settlers. The of the book ‘Desh Pardesh’ implies home from home and at home abroad. The book endeavors to take a gander at a portion of the issues identifying with procedures of the reproduction of social, financial, strict and social life so as to incorporate in the new nation. The instance of Gujarati foreigners There are over a large portion of a million Gujaratis in Britain (Dwyer, 1994). England stays a famous goal for migrants as a result of its solid economy. In any case, the occupations that migrants for the most part take on are in the optional segment and regularly untalented physical work (Massey, 1987); I propose this is likewise the situation with numerous Gujarati settlers. Interpersonal organizations both in Gujarat and Britain additionally represent an enormous number of transients rolling in from abroad (Boyd 1989). In the exploration I expect to concentrate on Gujarati outsiders who are in look for better business openings in Britain and are wishing to settle. Concerning Portes (1999): â€Å"For reasons for setting up a novel region of examination, it is desirable over delimit the idea of transnationalism to occupations and exercises that require normal and continued social contacts after some time across national fringes for their execution. Therefore characterized, the idea envelops, for instance, the movements of a Salvadoran viajero conveying mail and supplies to foreigner family on a month to month premise or those of a Dominican article of clothing retailer going to New York a few times each year to sell her products and procure new textures and plans for her business. By a similar token, it rejects the incidental endowments of cash and kind sent by settlers to their kinfolk and companions (not an occupation) or the one-time acquisition of a house or parcel by a migrant in his nation of origin (not a normal movement) (p.219). I will apply this plan to settlers from Gujarat, India who speaks to the most recent ‘wave’ of relocation. The gathering will comprise of white collar class individuals with just Indian school capability matured 18-28 years and who go into incompetent physical work, for example working in cafés, cleaners, food supplies, retail, etc. My point is to attempt to comprehend the individuals who face troubles in Gujarat, India because of joblessness. Numerous authors have expounded on various Gujarati people group abroad, for instance about the accomplishment of East African Gujaratis regarding instruction accomplishment and business (Ballard 1994; Bughart 1987; Bhachu 1985). I need to likewise take a gander at the poor Gujaratis who need instructive capabilities and are battling to look for some kind of employment in Gujarat. Exploration techniques Key inquiries with respect to the direction to the lead of the exploration are: 1) Is my procedure ‘deductive’ or ‘inductive’? 2) Is my exploration subjective or quantitative? what's more, 3) Is my epistemology positivist or interpretivist? In the first place, deductive examination technique is worried about the testing of hypothesis, or a pre-given speculation. Accordingly, speculation is affirmed or dismissed. Inductive methodology is progressively significant in my exploration since it permits classes rise up out of the information (Marshall Rossman, 1999). In the event that for instance I was attempting to investigate original settlers rather, at that point second then I would need to change hypothesis of portioned osmosis to apply it to the correct gathering. In the event that I utilize the inductive methodology I will start with discoveries and perceptions from which I will produce hypothesis. Second, my exploration will be both quantitative and subjective in that it will take a gander at numeric populace designs just as individual lived encounters (on the same page). Third, my exploration will be interpretivist in that it is ‘guided by an allowance of faith based expectations and sentiments about the world and how it ought to be comprehended and studied’ (Denzin Lincoln, 1994, p.13). Exploratory Data Collection The technique I will use to gather information will be member perception during my field work in Britain. I will consider gatherings of Gujarati settlers who are either jobless or have low-paid occupations. This methodology endeavors to comprehend ‘what is going on’ and that is the reason member perception is an appropriate strategy for this exploration (on the same page). This strategy will help me in creating valuable inquiries questions. It will likewise permit me assess information gathered through different strategies (Pelto and Pelto 1978). ‘Participant observation’ as a strategy includes seeing just as taking an interest with the individuals who are being considered, and it includes social cooperation just as taking part in their lifestyle (Spradley 1980). The degree to which a specialist takes an interest in a social setting ranges from non-cooperation to finish investment, in the last case turning into an individual from the gathering. I will take an interest modestly with the Gujaratis’ every day exercises (in the same place; Dewalt et al 1998). (an) I have to pick up section into the network and start fabricating my relations with outsiders. I will be working in two fundamental zones which have the most noteworthy number of Gujaratis, Wembley (NW London) and Leicestershire (Midlands). I should discover settlement in these two districts of Britain. To obtain entrance into the network I will likewise elect to fill in as a business right hand for retail shops in these regions. By doing this I will have the option to manufacture agreeable relations with my respondents. This will likewise urge sources to talk typically as they would with a companion or network part (Den

Biography of Erik Erikson Essay

A couple of years after Erik’s birth, her mom took him to a nearby jewish pediatrician, Dr. Theodor Homburger for a treatment of minor ailment. His mom and the pediatrician in the long run began to look all starry eyed at. He immediately built up a feeling that something wasn't right his mom and father were Jewish his own physical appearance was obviously Scandinavian. later on he found reality with regards to his legacy, his character emergency was compounded. Dismissing his stepfather’s supplication to become doctor. He went to Europe and joined up with workmanship school and anxious to find out about culture and history. He got back at 25 years old arranged to settle down and show workmanship professionally. Erikson was asked by his previous secondary school companion Peter Blos to go along with him as an instructor in Experimental Nursery school in Vienna where he met Anna Freud and her celebrated dad Sigmund Freud. Anna Freud was attempting to change over psychoanalytic enthusiasm for youth encounters of grown-up. Erikson shared her spearheading interest and was in the end prepared by her as a youngster examiner. Erikson was as yet uncertain to win his living a psychoanalyst since still needed to paint and draw. In any case, he started to see an association among therapy and craftsmanship. He saw that children’s dream and play include significant visual pictures that solitary later are converted into words in treatment. Ideas and Principles Erikson’s position speaks to a deliberate augmentation of Freud’s perspective on the job of self image in character working. Erikson is a Freudian inner self therapist. Erikson recommended that personality frequently works autonomously of id feelings and inspiration. Personality capacities to assist individual with adjusting to difficulties introduced by the encompassing. Self image Psychology Accentuated the combination of natural and psychosocial powers in assurance of character working. Epigenetic Principle The possibility that human improvement is administered by a grouping of stages that rely upon hereditary or inherited elements This guideline says that we create through a foreordained unfurling of our characters in eight phases. Our advancement through each stage is to some degree dictated by our prosperity, or absence of progress â€Å"crisis†, in all the past stages. Emergency characterized as the urgent period in each stage. Excellence â€Å"inherent quality or dynamic quality† human characteristics or quality rise up out of fruitful goals of emergency. Psychosocial Development: Stages of Ego Development Stage Fundamental Conflict Temperance Significant Events Result Early stages (birth to year and a half) Trust versus Question Expectation Taking care of Youngsters build up a feeling of trust when parental figures give unwavering quality, care, and love. An absence of this will prompt doubt. Youth (2 to 3 years) Self-sufficiency versus Disgrace and Doubt WILL Can Training Youngsters need to build up a feeling of individual power over physical aptitudes and a feeling of autonomy. Achievement prompts sentiments of self-governance, disappointment brings about sentiments of disgrace and uncertainty. Preschool/Play Age (3 to 5 years) Activity versus Blame Reason Investigation Kids need to start declaring control and control over nature. Accomplishment in this stage prompts a feeling of direction. Kids who attempt to apply an excess of intensity experience dissatisfaction, bringing about a feeling of blame. Young (6 to 11 years) Industry versus Mediocrity Capability School Kids need to adapt to new social and scholastic requests. Achievement prompts a feeling of skill, while disappointment brings about sentiments of mediocrity. Pre-adulthood (12 to 18 years) Personality versus Job Confusion Loyalty Social Relationships Adolescents need to build up a feeling of self and individual character. Achievement prompts a capacity to remain consistent with yourself, while disappointment prompts job disarray and a powerless feeling of self. Youthful Adulthood (19 to 40 years) Closeness versus Separation LOVE Connections Youthful grown-ups need to shape cozy, cherishing associations with others. Achievement prompts solid connections, while disappointment brings about dejection and disconnection. Center Adulthood (40 to 65 years) Generativity versus Stagnation CARE Work and Parenthood Grown-ups need to make or sustain things that will outlive them, frequently by having youngsters or making a constructive change that benefits others. Achievement prompts sentiments of value and achievement, while disappointment brings about shallow association on the planet. Maturity(65 to death) Sense of self Integrity versus Despondency Knowledge Reflection on Life More established grown-ups need to think back on life and feel a feeling of satisfaction. Accomplishment at this stage prompts sentiments of astuteness, while disappointment brings about lament, harshness, and misery. Qualities and Weaknesses of Erik Erikson’s Theory Qualities Exhaustiveness It delivers itself to wide assortment of wonder both ordinary and strange and tries to natural, social, social and verifiable variables. Heuristic Value Inside Psychology, Erikson’s work has contributed straightforwardly to life expectancy brain science and the improvement of grown-up brain science. Applied Value Erikson’s work has down to earth sway in the zone of youngster brain science and psychiatry, guiding, training and social work. Shortcomings Male Bias Erik Erikson explained psychosocial stage portrays the existence cycle signs of white, western culture and may not have any significant bearing great to different societies or even to our own today/present time. Erikson’s positive result, (for example, self-sufficiency, activity, industry) ethics, (for example, will, reason and capability) are every now and again observed as attributes of solid male turn of events. Furthermore, his negative ones, (uncertainty, blame and inadequacy) are viewed as reflecting unfortunate female turn of events. Gilligan’s investigations of young lady and women’s advancement propose diverse positive qualities rise in sound turn of events. Association, obligation, and care supplant independence, masteryâ and power. Exactness and Testability Erikson’s hypothesis neglects to meet the measure of accuracy and testability. He characterized the idea of self image to support equality and congruity even with evolving destiny. Obviously the idea is incredibly perplexing and doesn't promptly exact estimation. Treatment/Application of Erik Erikson’s Theory Research Erikson accepted that social and authentic components influence the arrangement of inner self character, which thusly influences the idea of the character. One such case of crafted by social factors in character advancement is the women’s development. Studies have discovered that most juvenile ladies today incorporate a lifelong direction as a feature of their self image personality. Research in the region of character emergency show that this stage may start around 12 and be settled when an individual is 18. Be that as it may, for certain individuals, character may not happen until as late as age 24. Erikson accepted that individuals in the development and mature age phase of psychosocial advancement invest energy reviewing and analyzing their life, tolerating or lamenting past decisions. Anyway one examination indicated no noteworthy contrasts between more youthful grown-ups contrasted with more seasoned grown-ups in revealed recurrence of life reflections. Be that as it may, more youthful individuals occupied with reflection to increase self-understanding and discover answers for current issues, while more seasoned individuals utilized impression of their past to assess their lives Play Therapy Erikson utilized play treatment to lead investigate on his hypothesis, concentrating on what he called play development. In his investigations, young men and young ladies built a scene for a fanciful film utilizing dolls, toy creatures, vehicles, and wooden squares. Young ladies would in general form low fenced in areas, while young men concentrated on outsides, activity, and stature. In view of natural contrasts, as per Erikson; young ladies manufacture low fenced in areas in which individuals are separated, andâ boys would construct towers. Research today despite everything endures that conventional sexual orientation generalizing among young ladies and young men exists. Young ladies regularly play with dolls, adornments, and toy kitchen executes, while young men play with trucks, warriors, and weapons. â€Å"Our most noteworthy shortcoming lies in surrendering. The most certain approach to succeed is consistently to attempt only once again. What's more, any individual who has never committed an error has taken a stab at nothing new†

New York DFS secures $12 million payout for victims of payday loans - Inside Subprime 9

New York DFS secures $12 million payout for victims of payday loans - Inside Subprime 9/26/17 New York Department of Financial Services  secures $12 million payout for victims of payday loan call center New York Department of Financial Services  secures $12 million payout for victims of payday loan call centerInside Subprime: September 26, 2017By Caroline ThompsonNew York Financial Services Superintendent Maria Vullo announced yesterday that her department has secured nearly $12 million in loan forgiveness and a $45,000 penalty from Total Account Recovery (TAR) LLC, a payday loan debt collector, and eFinance call support center (called E-Finance). TAR has been illegally collecting on payday loans made to people in New York, a state which has banned payday lending.“Payday lending is illegal in New York, and DFS will not tolerate predatory actors in our communities.   Debt collectors like TAR, who collect or attempt to collect outstanding payments from New Yorkers on payday loans violate debt collection laws, and will be met with swift action,” said Vullo in a press release.   “A payday loan servicer like E-Finance makes unlawful misrepresentations to New Yorkers when it sends n otices of payments due and negotiates payment agreements with New York consumers for payday loan payments that are not legally owed under New York law.  DFS will continue to take aggressive action to protect New Yorkers and send a clear message to those who attempt to profit from illegal payday loan activity.”Between 2011 and 2014, TAR had attempted to collect on more than 20,000 payday loans, which carried a greater annual interest rate than is legally allowed in the state of New York. New York civil usury limits are 16 percent, and criminal usury limits are 25 percent. TAR also used unlawful collection tactics while trying to get victims of these payday loan schemes to pay up.  According to DFS, both TAR and E-Commerce repeatedly called consumers at home and at work, and sometimes threatened consumers to pressure them to pay their alleged payday loan debts.TAR will forgive $11.8 million in unpaid debt, vacate any judgements obtained on this debt, and release all wage garnishmen ts, levies, liens, restraining notices or attachments related to any of those judgements. It must also close all pending New York accounts and stop communicating with customers.To learn more about the dangers of payday lending, check out our payday loan information page.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Why Deflation Doesnt Happen During a Recession

When there is economic expansion, demand seems to outpace supply, particularly for goods and services that take time and major capital to increase supply. As a result, prices generally rise (or there is at least price pressure), particularly for goods and services that cannot rapidly meet the increased demand, such as housing in urban centers (relatively fixed supply), and advanced education (takes time to expand/build new schools). This doesnt apply to cars because automotive plants can gear up pretty quickly. Conversely, when there is an economic contraction (i.e. recession), supply initially outpaces demand. This would suggest that there would be downward pressure on prices, but prices for most goods and services dont go down and neither do wages.  Why do prices and wages appear to be sticky in a downward direction? For wages, corporate/human culture offer up a simple explanation: people do not like to give pay cuts... managers tend to lay off before they give pay cuts (though there exist some exceptions). That said, this doesnt explain why prices dont go down for most goods and services. In  Why Does Money Have Value, we saw that changes in the level of prices (inflation) were due to a combination of the following four factors: The supply of money goes up.The supply of goods goes down.Demand for money goes down.Demand for goods goes up. In a boom, we would expect that the demand for goods to rise faster than the supply. All else being equal, we would expect factor 4 to outweigh factor 2 and the level of prices to rise. Since deflation is the opposite of inflation, deflation is due to a combination of the following four factors: The supply of money goes down.The supply of goods goes up.Demand for money goes up.Demand for goods goes down. We would expect the demand for goods to decline faster than the supply, so factor 4 should outweigh factor 2, so all else being equal we should expect the level of prices to fall. In  A Beginners Guide to Economic Indicators we saw that measures of inflation such as the Implicit Price Deflator for GDP are pro-cyclical coincident economic indicators, so the inflation rate is high during booms and low during recessions. The information above shows that the inflation rate should be higher in booms than in bursts, but why is the inflation rate still positive in recessions? Different Situations, Different Results The answer is that all else is not equal. The money supply is constantly expanding, so the economy has a consistent inflationary pressure given by factor 1. The Federal Reserve has a table listing the M1, M2, and M3 money supply. From Recession? Depression? we saw that during the worst recession America has experienced since World War II, from November 1973 to March 1975, real GDP fell by 4.9 percent. This would have caused deflation, except that the money supply rose rapidly during this period, with the seasonally adjusted M2 rising 16.5% and the seasonally adjusted M3 rising 24.4%. Data from Economagic shows that the Consumer Price Index rose 14.68% during this severe recession. A recessionary period with a high inflation rate is known as stagflation, a concept made famous by Milton Friedman. While inflation rates are generally lower during recessions, we can still experience high levels of inflation through the growth of the money supply. So the key point here is that while the inflation rate rises during a boom and falls during a recession, it generally does not go below zero due to a consistently increasing money supply.   In addition, there may be consumer psychology-related factors that prevent prices from decreasing during a recession- more specifically, firms may be reluctant to decrease prices if they feel like customers will get upset when they increase prices back to their original levels at a later point in time.

Problems Face by Earth - 948 Words

As our country fast growing , the technology field had also developed . This development brings a lot of changes in our life , making our life easier than the past . But this development also brings negative effects to our life . One of the greatest effect that we face now is global warming . Global warming is when the earth heats up (the temperature rises). It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This hurts many people, animals, and plants. The greenhouse effect is when the temperature rises because the sun’s heat and light is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere. This is like when heat†¦show more content†¦They can kill plants and trees by destroying their leaves, and can kill animals, especially fish in highly polluted rivers. Air pollution has many disastrous effects that need to be curbed. In order to acco mplish this, governments, scientists and environmentalists are using or testing a variety of methods aimed at reducing pollution .There are two main types of pollution control. Input control involves preventing a problem before it occurs, or at least limiting the effects the process will produce. Five major input control methods exist. People may try to restrict population growth, use less energy, improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and move to non-polluting renewable forms of energy production. Also, automobile-produced pollution can be decreased with highly beneficial results. Output control, the opposite method, seeks to fix the problems caused by air pollution. This usually means cleaning up an area that has been damaged by pollution. Input controls are usually more effective than output controls. Output controls are also more expensive, making them less desirable to tax payers and polluting industries. In conclusion , we have to preserve and conserve the earth for the upcoming generations so that they have chance to enjoy the beauty and the miracle that happens in earth . So , we have to take action starting from today because what we doingShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Climate Change904 Words   |  4 PagesClimate Change Have you ever wonder that what is our true enemy of the earth? Would what people had done will be alright? If we look at the world crisis now a day, people might know that everywhere around the world the number one problem probably be climate change. In the past, one thousand the world we live never change so much. But what happened is in 5 years we have seen something that is quite difficult to be seen such as earthquake, flood, and hurricane. There is the anger of nature that isRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline The Importance of Recycling Essay702 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Earth. Central Idea: You should recycle materials because it can help the Earth save i. 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The FairTax Essay example - 1386 Words

People do not enjoy talking about taxes because they are too political, confusing, and depressing. It is no secret that the American tax code is a mess and something many economists describe as too broken to fix. Despite this, politicians have never stopped from trying to â€Å"fix† the code, yet they have had very little success. The U.S. Government’s tax code currently comprises â€Å"more than 67,000 pages of complexities† (Boortz, Linder, Woodall 14). The Americans for Fair Taxation (AFFT) was founded in 1995 with one goal: create the simplest and best tax reform plan that would work in the modern market and economy. The AFFT’s best solution was a bill which they promptly called the FairTax. What is the FairTax? Many people have not heard†¦show more content†¦Both coauthors explain â€Å"the myth of corporate taxes† with two statements: â€Å"When it comes down to it, no corporation or business really pays taxes,† and therefore, â€Å"the burden of it all falls on us [the taxpayers]† (32). They continue their explanation with another claim: â€Å"The economic education of Americans is so woefully inadequate that many of us actually think we pay less as individuals when the taxes are transferred to businesses and corporations† (31). To illustrate their point, the authors created a fictional corporation with simple guidelines. Although not their actual example, the following is similar: Qwerty Inc., a manufacturer of computer keyboards, has 200 employees and 100 shareholders. At the end of the year, Qwerty Inc. sold 1000 keyboards at $100 dollars each; therefore, the yearly income was $100,000. After labor, cost, taxes, and other charges, Qwerty’s profit is $2000 for the year. If the government adds a 10% corporate tax increase, Qwerty now owes an additional $200 in taxes. According to Boortz and Linder’s logic, Qwerty has several possibilities to balance the budget from the tax i ncrease: the shareholders could see their dividends decrease, the price on the keyboards could be raised, some employees could be fired to save on cost, or employee benefits could decrease to cover the cost of the tax increase. This simple example demonstrates the current tax code’s consequences on the taxpayers (citizens and consumers) and introduces â€Å"the embeddedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Fair Tax: Avoidance of Taxes1696 Words   |  7 Pagespresident of Let Voters Decide - the 501(c)(3) non-partisan organization advocating for reform - the â€Å"upshot would be ‘a better, broader tax base,’ while the taxes paid would depend on the consumer choices that people make,† (Mannies, 2011). In The FairTax Book, the designers of the â€Å"Fair Tax† concept assert that the poor would benefit from the proposal because their income taxes would be omitted (Moody, 2011). However, this ignores the fact that if this were to be only state law and not federal, MissouriansRead MoreBenefits of the FairTax Act1893 Words   |  8 PagesThe FairTax Act Many debates have been waged over the decades on what will be taxed, on who shall be taxed and how taxes are collected. Since the 16th Amendment was ratified in 1913, the debate has intensified, centering on how high to make the income tax rate. Most Americans were not concerned since the Amendment was sold to them as something that would only affect corporations and the rich. With ever increasing fervor these corporations created lobbyists to convince Congress to exempt themRead MoreThe Fair Tax Essay example1034 Words   |  5 PagesTaxes are unavoidable because government is needed and government operates on tax revenues. The FairTax is a tax-inclusive progressive national retail sales tax that replaces every other federal tax in America. The new national sales tax would be 23%. Although there have been some questions as to whether the sales tax rate is 23% or 30% and they stem from the meaning of tax-inclusive and tax exclusive. The sales tax in Florida is an example of an e xclusive tax because it works of a preset base. IfRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Fasb1166 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause I have learned what the function of FASB is. Also, I was always curious of the differences in SEC, FASB, and PCAOB. From now on, I definitely realized the differences in SEC, FASB, and PCAOB. Class#11 Two speakers from PwC presented what FairTax Act is and how it would impact the U.S. macroeconomic landscape. Jade Walle is an assurance partner at PwC. With his 18 years of experience in PwC’s Assurance Global Capital Markets practices in Tulsa, London, and Houston, Mr. Walle brings boundlessRead MoreOpposition to the Fair Tax1755 Words   |  8 PagesThe FairTax Summary of Opinion – Oppose FairTax 1. Will transfer tax burden from upper class to middle class 2. Will negatively impact housing market and charities 3. Will create huge underground economy and will lead to higher rates on consumption than predicted 4. Will not abolish IRS, but rather require increased government monitoring to ensure tax compliance 5. Not enough evidence of practicality and beneficial results of FairTax to justify risks Pretty much everyone would agree thatRead MoreAlternatives to the Us Tax System2212 Words   |  9 PagesFoundation estimates that $338 billion of time, energy, money, and other resources, are spent annually completing tax returns.[2] Three main proposals, the Flat Tax, the VAT Tax, and the FairTax, are being hailed on the Hill today as the solution to our current onerous tax system. While all have benefits and draw backs, the FairTax is the best alternative to the U.S. Tax System in that it is the only tax that reduces the tax burden on Americans by taxing the underground economy, simplifies the tax system,Read MoreShannyn Griffin. Professor Jones. English 1102, Section1903 Words   |  8 PagesShannyn Griffin Professor Jones English 1102, Section 22 29 April 2017 Replacing the Current Income Tax Structure with the FairTax Plan It is the general agreement of tax payers everywhere that the current tax system is way too complicated. You either need to have a certified public accountant help you do them or a specialized tax program to walk you through it. Not only that, but the costs associated with having someone prepare your taxes or buying the specialized computer program needed toRead MoreNo Taxation without Representation Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pagesrate, with no deductions, and no loopholes! By eliminating loopholes, the tax base and tax revenue would increase substantially. Comparison: FairTax The FairTax is a transparent federal sales tax based on consumption in which an individual receives the full amount of wages owed but are taxed during the purchase of a commodity. The idea behind the FairTax is that the more money you have, the more you will spend. The purchase of used goods like used cars, homes, and appliances are not taxed. AlsoRead MoreThe United States Should Replace Income Tax1448 Words   |  6 Pagesnational sales tax system like FairTax, the way it works would change. Although, the idea of workers earning more seems great, I however feel this may cause some concern with how much more workers would be spending as a result of their higher earnings. From my own experiences when you have more money, you would like to believe your spending wouldn’t go up, however that is easier said than done. So as you may assume the effect on income would suggest that the FairTax plan could cause consumption toRead MoreEssay on Taxes1185 Words   |  5 Pagesworked h ard for their money and it’s not fair for it to be taken away at sometimes almost 35 percent of everything they earn. In reality, a national sales tax would hurt the majority of Americans. An already existing American movement, called the FairTax Movement, believes in eliminating federal income taxes and replacing it with a nationwide 23 percent sales tax. On one hand it encourages people to work harder, since before there may not have been a desire to work longer and harder when that extra

Light A Fundamental Force In Our World Essay Example For Students

Light: A Fundamental Force In Our World Essay If asked what light is, one could say that its one of the most basicelements of our world and our universe as we perceive it. It is throughsight that we receive 90% of our information. It is through the use oftelescopes aiding the naked eye that we are aware of the heavenly bodiesaround us. It is through light that the energy from the sun is transferredto us. The suns energy supports the food chain; plants use it to turnwater and CO2 into energy usable by other organisms. Solar energy was alsoused, indirectly, to produce all of the fossil fuels that we consume daily. Since light is such a basic part of our existence, we should have a basicunderstanding of what it is. What we call light, the intangible, powerful force that powers our world,is somewhat hard to define in real terms. It shares properties with bothparticles and waves. It follows the same rules as a wave doesit moves ina regular fashion, in a perfect sine wave at a certain frequency. Ittravels in a straight line, and is subject to refraction. All of thesecharacteristics are found in waves of any type, from radio frequency waves,up to Gamma and X- rays. Light, however, also exhibits qualitiescharacteristic of particles such as neutrons and protons. A photon, orquanta, is the packet of energy that is sent in a light wave. Like aparticle, the photon is believed to have a finite mass, and has the abilityto affect other matter. As light strikes a photovoltaic solar cell, itknocks electrons in the silicon atoms on the surface into a higher state ofenergy. When these return to their normal, or ground state, energy isproduced in the form of electricity. Thus, light is termed awave-particle, an d this property is called the wave-particle duality ofnature. Many questions concerning what makes up light still lieunanswered, but this much is thought to be true. Light can be produced in a variety of ways. Our sun, like other stars,uses nuclear fusion to produce energy in the form of light and radiation. We can produce light artificially using several methods. If one starts afire, it produces light and heat. (Heat, which is infrared radiation, isanother type of light energy.) The light and heat are a result of achemical reaction, the combining of oxygen with the carbon in the wood. This reaction leaves behind products which have less potential energy thanthey started with. The energy, which left as light and heat, was producedwhen electrons dropped in energy levels during the reaction. The excessenergy from one atom was given off as a photon, producing light. If oneexamines a fluorescent or incandescent light bulb, one can see that all itis doing is having electricity stimulate a metallic or gaseous substrate,causing it to give off photons. The principle is the same as it was withthe fire, only it is more controlled. Still more controlled is the laser,which puts out its photons in a single frequency. This is achieved througha carefully designed apparatus which stimulates materials in a way thatallows them to only put out light at a certain wavelength. Laser light is,therefore, of all one color. White light, or sunlight, is a broad mixtureof wavelengths. All methods of producing light, natural and artificial,share one common feature: they rely on electrons chang ing energy levels toproduce the photons. As there are a variety of methods of producing light, so are there amultitude of ways it can be applied. The most obvious use of light is insupporting our food chain. Without light energy, nothing could live on ourplanet. The plants, which are at the bottom of the food chain, supplyenergy to all other organisms. We as humans are adapted to having sunlightaround us, and taking in information with our eyes. Aside from keeping usalive, light is also employed in highly specialized applications. Laserlight is being used in surgery. The highly concentrated beam of light isfar more precise than any surgeons hand, and much finer than the sharpestblade. In the area of communications, light is used in fiber optic networksfor fast, crystal-clear connections. (Fiber optics allow light to travel ina finely directed path with very little distortion.) Optical components incomputers are starting to see use. Also, lasers are being used to produceholographic images, both for industrial and commercial markets. Holographicpictures can show an object three dimensionally, and in great detail. .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 , .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .postImageUrl , .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 , .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2:hover , .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2:visited , .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2:active { border:0!important; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2:active , .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2 .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7159df793e190177a6726fe26501d8d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Can We Help the Homeless and Should We?: Searc EssayFinally, new ways of utilizing the suns energy are being developed thatwill allow light to be more efficiently converted to electricity. Thus,light indeed has a wealth of applications. It must be remembered that, like most other things around us, light issomething utilized on a daily basis, yet little understood. With continuedresearch, we may someday unravel the mysteries surrounding this uniqueforce which is constantly at work in our universe. The applications oflight in the present are nothing compared with what could be gained if wecould understand this strange mechanism; it may someday be the key tosolving our energy problems, or unlocking the secret of the universe.

Studies of Religion Buddhism free essay sample

The impact of Buddhist ethical teachings has been extremely effective throughout the world of adherents. Buddhism exists as living religious tradition and continues to thrive throughout the world, except paradoxically in India, the land of its beginnings (Living a Religion Third Edition). This can be attributed to Buddhist ethical teachings easily adapting itself to cultural and social conditions around the world. However, flaws exist within society which tampers on attaining Nirvana. Through interpreting Buddhism’s Five Precepts, Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, we can further explore the impact of Buddhist teachings on its adherents and understand Sutta Nipata 705 quote Comparing oneself to others in such terms as â€Å"Just as I am so are they, just as they are so am I,† he should neither kill nor cause others to kill. Sutta Nipata 705 Sutta Nipata 705 quote refers to the equality of all people as it states â€Å"Just as I am so are they, just as they are so am I,† This equality therefore assess the harming of other people and self-harming as it states â€Å"he should neither kill†. We will write a custom essay sample on Studies of Religion Buddhism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Buddhists must treat other people the same as how they would treat themselves. Therefore, they must not harm others or themselves. Buddhist ethical teachings have a strong and positive impact on the expression of Buddhism as a living religious tradition. This is because it provides solutions to different types of ethical issues such as sexual issues. However, this equality as described by Sutta Nipata can be distraught as we live in an imperfect world. The Four Noble Truths are significant to the ethical teachings of Buddhism, which is the Dharma. They are a guide for Buddhists to attain Nirvana. These Noble Truths build the structure of sexual ethics for the adherents of Buddhism. These Noble Truths can be used to judge sexual issues like rape, premarital sex, and extramarital sex. For example, sexual issues and practices are a desire and are described in the second Noble Truth as â€Å"the cause of suffering is from desires†. These issues and desires stem from the contemporary society in which adherents live in as the media powerfully influences their everyday lives. For example, everyday advertisements are constantly bombarding adherents with sexual images to attract a range of products and services which make sexual immorality a means of bettering oneself through material goods/ services. This marketing strategy makes it extremely difficult for Buddhists to follow their ethical teachings and fully express Buddhism as a living religious tradition. With Buddhist ethical teachings aiming to reduce suffering from desire, society can be seen as creating suffering. Society can be described as the â€Å"killer† of sexual morality and as Sutta Nipata 705 quotes â€Å"he should neither kill nor cause others to kill†, he indirectly describes the media as the â€Å"killer† of sexual ethics. The fourth Noble Truth which is, â€Å"the way to overcome suffering is through eightfold path† also relates to ethical teachings and provides morals of a Buddhist adherent since it aims to grow self-understanding and control. The Eightfold Noble Path is the ‘middle way’ of life for Buddhists. The performance of sexual activity is outside the middle way. The eightfold path judges different sexual issues depending on the effect of the issue. Extramarital sex is judged by the third step â€Å"speech† since it allows the senses to take control over mind and body and a destruction of honesty. This destruction can further cause marriage and family breakdowns and cause psychological and emotional harm to the children and partners involved. Rape is judged by the fourth step â€Å"action† since this act effects other people. Rape breaks the first Precept (to refrain from destroying living creatures) since these sexual activities harm another person physically and emotionally. Rape also breaks the second Precept (to refrain from taking that which is not given) since this sexual activity performed by a person steals the respect and dignity of another person. For example, rape causes destruction to the victim involved as they suffer traumatically through their emotional and physical state. The perpetrator is further sanctioned with imprisonment by the Criminal Justice System to keep society safe from harm. An element of suffering is evident within prison for the perpetrator but mainly the victim. This significance is related to Sutta Nipata 705 since the equality towards the adherents has the same meaning to â€Å"Just as I am so are they, just as they are so am I,† and the elimination of the destruction towards others has the meaning to he should neither kill nor cause others to kill. Sexual ethics provides equality in Buddhist adherents since it guides them to a path of no destruction of other people including themselves. The Five Precepts form the foundations of the morals of a Buddhist. Each Precept judges different types of ethical issues. These Precepts have a theme of not harming one another and self-harming which embeds with Sutta Nipata 705 quote since it relates to the theme of the Precepts. They apply to ethical issues, for example, the 5th Precept (to refrain from misuse of the mind or body through intoxicants) assesses the use of drugs and alcohol and provides the consequences of the use. These Precepts also guide sexual ethics which provide judgments on improper sexual activity. Sexual ethical issues like rape, premarital sex, and extramarital sex, all break the third Precept (to refrain from sensual misconduct). The Third Precept prevents improper decision making and allows the mind to take control over mind and body. As Sutta Nipata 705 quote refers to â€Å"kill† which means harming, it supports the Precepts on judging the sexual issues, in this case, these issues â€Å"kill† or harms other people. When relating this to premarital sex, refraining from sensual misconduct prevents Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s), relationship breakdowns, abortions, unwanted pregnancies, all in which damage or â€Å"kill† others/ themselves. The observance of Buddhist ethical teachings can prevent this harm and portrays the manifestation of Buddhism as a living religious tradition. Buddhist ethical teachings can have a positive impact on the expression of Buddhism as a living religious tradition. This is due to deep and meaningful ethics and judgements which many foreigners find to be positive to their everyday lives. As Sutta Nipata 705 quotes â€Å"Just as I am so are they, just as they are so am I†, an element of equality is evident which makes the expression of Buddhism appealing.

Free Essays on Join Today

In one’s life, there are a tremendous amount of decisions that have to be made, some that will affect them later on in life and some that wont. One particular decision that every American has to eventually deal with at least one time or another in their life. Is that whether they will serve in the military or not. I believe that any person that is given the distinguished label as an American should have to give back to the country that gives so much to them. If you think about it if everyone in the U.S. didn’t want to serve in the military because they were to worried about their own lives. Who would protect this great country of ours? Where would that leave the U.S.? The military whether its in the Army, Marines, Navy, or Air force is a great way to either start a meaningful career or its just a great stepping block onto another career. Where else can you get free housing, money for college, training that no one else can receive, and still get paid while your at it, not many jobs can offer that. In the service you get to visit places that you normally might not have been able to in your normal lives, including anywhere from Puerto Rico to Germany. To just add a little bit more to the pot of treats, after a certain number years of serving in the military you can also receive a pension. The training alone you receive in the military should make you want to sign up today. Where else can you get the chance to fly million dollar aircraft, drive a billion dollar boat, or even drive a million dollar tank, not many places. The money that is available in military is endless. There are signing bonuses, G.I. Bills, pensions and the list goes on. So if money is what you want, then military is the right track for you, but don’t let money be the only driving factor for joining the service that would be a mistake. For me personally getting the chance to be a part of the same organization that a countless number of brave men and woman lo... Free Essays on Join Today Free Essays on Join Today In one’s life, there are a tremendous amount of decisions that have to be made, some that will affect them later on in life and some that wont. One particular decision that every American has to eventually deal with at least one time or another in their life. Is that whether they will serve in the military or not. I believe that any person that is given the distinguished label as an American should have to give back to the country that gives so much to them. If you think about it if everyone in the U.S. didn’t want to serve in the military because they were to worried about their own lives. Who would protect this great country of ours? Where would that leave the U.S.? The military whether its in the Army, Marines, Navy, or Air force is a great way to either start a meaningful career or its just a great stepping block onto another career. Where else can you get free housing, money for college, training that no one else can receive, and still get paid while your at it, not many jobs can offer that. In the service you get to visit places that you normally might not have been able to in your normal lives, including anywhere from Puerto Rico to Germany. To just add a little bit more to the pot of treats, after a certain number years of serving in the military you can also receive a pension. The training alone you receive in the military should make you want to sign up today. Where else can you get the chance to fly million dollar aircraft, drive a billion dollar boat, or even drive a million dollar tank, not many places. The money that is available in military is endless. There are signing bonuses, G.I. Bills, pensions and the list goes on. So if money is what you want, then military is the right track for you, but don’t let money be the only driving factor for joining the service that would be a mistake. For me personally getting the chance to be a part of the same organization that a countless number of brave men and woman lo...

The untouchable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The untouchable - Essay Example It seems that in the story, Anand tried to give Bakha, the protagonist, a glimpse of hope for change. An example is when Bakha tried to wear some trousers just as the kind British Tommies that he worked for. Bakha for a moment believed that he could be better than his fellow outcasts; he was "possessed with an overwhelming desire to live their life" (Anand 11). At this part of the story, we could see how the main character actually had imagined, or perhaps had such a motivation to actually be someone other than an untouchable. Seeing how kind the Tommies actually treated him made him feel that he is not just another useless person in the world. But such dream is immediately dispersed when his community mocked his appearance. Through out the story we can see Bhaka’s struggle and his silent rebellion. His complex character continues to evolve as he tries his best to find for other possible alternatives to remove his undesirable disgrace. He was given three possible choices to re move his untouchable status, first was to become a Christian, but he did not understand the â€Å"idea of being called a sinner† (130) nor did he grasp the idea of confessing his sins.

Leadership versus management in healthcare Coursework

Leadership versus management in healthcare - Coursework Example Management is a process that involves the determination of objectives using human, financial, and physical resources. Managers must make sure that they adopt an appropriate approach of combining all these resources to achieve organizational goals (Shortell & Kaluzny, 2006). Other authors have categorized the roles of a manager as informational, interpersonal, and decisional. In summary, management involves functions such as planning, organizing, evaluating, budgeting, and controlling. On the other hand, leadership involves influencing followers so that they can get on the right track or direction. Therefore, leaders must define strategies and visions for an organization. Therefore, leadership is defined by visions, ideologies, and direction that must be used to influence the followers. The objectives of leaders are to inspire and motivate followers so that they can achieve an identified goal. In the view of many authors, leadership is both goals oriented, and highly inspirational. Cu rrently, there are many leadership theories that describe how leaders use different strategies to influence their followers. In the healthcare sector, both leaders and managers play a critical role. The purpose of many healthcare institutions is to promote the healthcare status of the community while delivering quality services. Leadership serves to define the visions and goals of each healthcare institution. On the other hand, the managers serve to organize all the employees, teams within the healthcare system.

Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

Race and Ethnicity Essay Discussion about race and ethnicity has increased steadily over the last several years. Recent discussion has centered on whether the differences between race and ethnicity are necessary, damaging, or beneficial. There is also much to be said about race relations across the globe and many questions to be pondered. Writing about race can be difficult, and discussion about race even more difficult. The idea is that with research and knowledge, it is much easier to have an intelligent, well-informed discussion about issues that affect all of us. Listed below are some possible essay topics: Race vs. Ethnicity Is the idea of â€Å"race† a human construction that is further separating people in countries across the globe? Does science support the idea that â€Å"ethnicity† more clearly defines us, and therefore, should be how we see each other? Discuss the inherent differences and similarities between race and ethnicity and the importance of them. Race issues in American TV shows and movies Explain through examples and research how different races are portrayed on television and/or movies. Are stereotypes exploited? Are stereotypes nullified? What about the presentation of race in cartoons, e.g., the Disney movies? Race and the criminal justice system It is commonly believed that minorities are at a disadvantage when it comes to the justice system. Is this true? Are there disproportionate numbers of minorities convicted of crimes? Racial profiling Examine the hot-topic debate about racial profiling. Consider situations that might involve profiling: driving; airport screening; renting/buying housing; shopping and shoplifting; college entrance; and job hiring practices. Discrimination in hiring The topic of discriminatory hiring practices can be explored on its own. Available research will include news reports of instances and court cases. Also review the laws in place to prevent such practice. More possible topics: Should racial profiling be a legitimate law enforcement policy in some areas? †¢Should Affirmative Action for state university enrollment be continued? †¢Should the primary method of public school funding (property taxes in individual school districts) be amended to create more fairness in schools? †¢If a university offers â€Å"African-American Studies or Black Studies as courses, should it also offer European-American Studies or White Studies? †¢How do certain television programs perpetuate racial or ethnic stereotypes? †¢Should schools only purchase textbooks that offer revised or alternative perspectives on historical events? †¢What should be done about racial disparities in the sentencing of criminals? †¢Should the American government pay reparations and return land to Native Americans? †¢Should hate groups have the right to distribute literature on university campuses? †¢If research shows that certain racial or ethnic groups receive poorer medical care on average, how should this problem be corrected?  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Should government organizations have staff that accurately reflect the racial, ethnic, and gender balance in society? Assignment: Choose one of the above listed topics, a combined topic from above, or a topic of your own choosing that somehow relates to the issue of race and ethnicity. Research the topic, choosing at least 3 sources that you can also easily print to bring to class. This will be an in-class essay with two days of writing that will be at least 4 pages. Type a works cited page and bring it to be turned in with the essay and the printed sources.

Comparing Seasonal Imagery in Wharton, Le Guin, and Johnson :: comparison compare contrast essays

Seasonal Imagery in Wharton, Le Guin, and Johnson      Ã‚   Summer     Now in November The Left Hand of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  The expression of Yeats's circularity of seasons goes back in literature at least as far as the poet Horace (Wirtjes 533). Traditionally, women's lives, centering on family maintenance, have mimicked the cycles of the seasons far more than men's. Theirs have been the lives that repeat the motifs of each preceding year, always reborn yet never wholly new. Women, then, have less experiential reason to view their lives as a part of an inexorable forward march rather than as several turns on the great wheel of birth and death. Women writers, likewise, may pay more attention than their male counterparts to the seasonal, circular nature of their protagonists' lives. This is the case with Edith Wharton's Summer, Josephine Johnson's Now in November, and Ursula Le Guin's The Left Hand of Darkness. All three novelists set current protagonist movement against a backdrop of immobility. Both Wharton and Le Guin set thei r protagonists' change against the seeming constancy of summer and winter, while Johnson sets a critical spring-to-fall family transition against her protagonist's assertion of year-to-year sameness. Thus, each novelist, while depicting the movement necessary to build a story arc, sets this movement within a larger context of circularity and sameness, represented for each by the recurring seasons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edith Wharton's Summer, written in 1916, charts the sexual awakening of young Charity Royall from her carefree abandon in June through her affair with visiting Lucius Harney in July and August, ending in autumn with her de facto abandonment and marriage of convenience to the man who raised her, Lawyer Royall. As Peter L. Hays notes, the seasonal imagery provides "an appropriate metaphor for Charity's development" (114). Hays links this development explicitly to the seasons, albeit simplistically, with Charity's "growth and maturation" during the summer leading to her "impending harvest, both of wisdom and child" in the fall (116). Yet, like Kate Chopin several years earlier in The Awakening, Wharton, I believe, avoids this simple ending. Indeed, another critic notes that "What Elizabeth Ammons says of The Reef applies with equal force to Summer: 'The fairy-tale fantasy of deliverance by a man appears to be but is not a dream of freedom for women. It is a glorific ation of the status quo'" (Crowley 87). Charity at novel's end neither achieves her dreams (love and freedom with Harney) nor endures her nightmares (destitution and prostitution as a single mother).

Boy Scouts of America

This controversial First Amendment case was heard by the United States Supreme Court in 2000, on appeal from New Jersey’s Superior Court. The dispute arose between the Boy Scouts of America, specifically a New Jersey troop, and a man named James Dale. Dale was an adult Boy Scout and a troop leader in New Jersey. He was also openly homosexual and a gay rights activist. The Boy Scouts were not aware of Dale’s sexual orientation until he attended a seminar that dealt with the needs of homosexual teenagers which was covered by a local newspaper.When the Boy Scouts discovered that Dale was in fact a homosexual, they kicked him out of the organization, claiming that his sexual orientation directly opposed the values they wished to instill in the young members of their group. Dale filed suit in the New Jersey Superior Court. He asserted that when the Boy Scouts revoked his membership, they violated New Jersey law. That law forbids discrimination based on a person’s sexu al orientation in places of public accommodations. The Court ruled in favor of Dale. The Boy Scouts however, believed that their constitutional right of expressive association had been violated.That First Amendment right allows organizations with selective membership standards to forbid membership to anyone who does not meet those standards. The Boy Scouts appealed the judgment to federal court. At the Supreme Court, the decision of the state court was overturned, ruling in favor of the Boy Scouts. The Court provided that the Boy Scouts were selective in accepting members into the organization since they only accept boys over the age of ten, and therefore the group had only practiced their First Amendment right of expressive association.Furthermore, the scout oath illustrated the group’s opposition to homosexual behavior. When members say the oath, they promise to keep themselves â€Å"morally clean†. Alongside the membership standards, the oath essentially won the cas e. This case, while controversial, was decided correctly. The freedom to associate allows groups to gather for any purpose. The freedom of speech allows those groups to speak of their ideas. Freedom of expression is really only a combination of the two. The First Amendment protects groups from being forced to admit members who directly defy their purposes.The same would have applied no matter the group in question. Imagine if the NAACP was forced to admit a man who openly expressed hatred toward African Americans, or a group meant for veterans that was forced to admit an anti-war advocate. This type of forced inclusion into the organization would really disrupt the business of the group. Sometimes, it would make the group pointless altogether. Most likely we would not see membership refusals such as those mentioned as a case of discrimination. It is simply a conflict of interest.The Supreme Court’s decision in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale is extremely relevant to society as a whole, especially to those individuals who are members of certain organizations who practice selective membership standards. No one wants to attend a church that was forced to hire an atheist preacher. No little girl wants to show up to her Girl Scout meeting to find that a little boy has become her fellow scout. As individuals, we like to surround ourselves with people who share similar qualities and characteristics with us.We enjoy gathering with others who share our opinions and purposes. Had the Supreme Court ruled differently in this case, this type of activity could easily be considered discriminatory and punishable by law. While the decision was unfortunate for James Dale, it upheld the Boy Scouts’ constitutional rights, and protected society’s rights as well. In the article, Police in Gun Searches Face Disbelief in Court, New York Times reporter Benjamin Weiser discusses the growing trend of unconstitutional searches conducted by police officers in May of 200 8.One such illegal search happened in New York to a man who was carrying a pistol. In court, the officers involved testified that they had just cause to search the suspect. They claimed, â€Å"He was loitering, sweating nervously and had a bulge under his jacket† (Weiser). The judge however, found that the officers’ story was untrue, and that they had searched the man illegally, violating the Fourth Amendment. Since the gun could not be used as evidence, the case was thrown out. Weiser’s research indicates that this type of situation occurs more often than we might think.He provides that in the last six years there have been twenty similar cases in New York City alone, where police officers unconstitutionally searched suspects, often resulting in the release of criminals who illegally carry firearms (Weiser). The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from search and seizure without probable cause, and this includes searches for weapons by police officers. The fact that these particular officers violated the Fourth Amendment is unfortunate, because their behavior put criminals back onto the streets.However, there was nothing that the judges that heard the cases could do, because the Bill of Rights applies to all Americans, criminals included. While society might prefer that the Fourth Amendment not apply to criminal suspects, the Constitution was meant to protect all people. It would be unfair to be searched without cause, especially if a suspect was not carrying an illegal weapon. The amendment is important in that it protects every aspect of our personal lives.Without it, the police could barge into our homes and take anything that they wanted, confiscate our cars, or seize anything we carry with us, activities that certainly do not constitute a free democracy. In the article, A Witness Startles Court in Pellicano Trial, New York Times reporter David Halbfinger tells the story of a witness â€Å"pleading the fifth† in a Los Angeles c ourt room in April of 2008. The trial was that of Anthony Pellicano, a private eye accused of wiretapping on behalf of his rich and famous clients.During cross examination, witness Phyllis Miller was asked questions about her own involvement in the case. A lawyer got her to admit that she was guilty of a crime herself. After a number of questions were asked, of which she responded to, Miller refused to answer any more self incriminating questions, pleading the fifth. However, the responses she did give now have her facing charges of her own of perjury and fraud. The Fifth Amendment deals with double jeopardy, the due process of the law, and the testimony witnesses in trial.Specifically stating that no person, â€Å"shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself† (Cornell University Law School). This amendment protects individuals from being forced to testify during their own trials, which might lead to a guilty verdict. The Fifth Amendment is very rel evant to society, in that it not only protects us from being charged multiple times for the same crime, but also allows us to keep quiet when we are on trial ourselves. Imagine a guilty man on trial forced to testify truthfully about a murder he committed.Most likely his answers would not be honest anyway, so why ask him to talk at all? Furthermore, imagine his wife testifying about what happened on the night of the crime. If the woman is asked questions about her involvement which might lead to a trial of her own, it is unfair to force her to speak. The Fifth Amendment in its entirety is important for Americans, because it deals with the protection of our personal lives and liberties. Being forced to testify as a witness to another person’s trial should not mean that we to be put on trial.In the article, Washington Mayor to Take Fight for Gun Law to Supreme Court, New York Times reporter Adam Liptak discusses a controversial gun control law out of Washington D. C.. That very strict law made carrying a gun, even two feet in your own home, illegal if you are not licensed to do so. The law was taken to Court and deemed unconstitutional. The mayor of the District of Columbia, Adrian M. Fenty, disagreed with the Court’s decision and challenged it in the United States Court of Appeals in May of 2007.The Court however, refused to retry the case, claiming it was within the limits of the Bill of Rights, so Mayor Fenty planned to take the case to the Supreme Court in July of 2007. Liptak asserted in the article that it was his belief that the Supreme Court would agree to hear the case (Liptak). The Second Amendment, which has always been very controversial, protects an individual’s right to keep and bear arms (Cornell University Law School). Many people believe that by limiting the rights allowed by the Second Amendment, violent crime rates would decrease.Still others want to keep their constitutional right to carry guns regardless of crime. The Se cond Amendment is very relevant in today’s society. In a world filled with criminals and violence, we deserve to have the means to protect ourselves, especially when many criminals carry illegal guns themselves. Imagine a robber breaking into your home in the middle of the night with a gun of his own. Most Americans would feel much safer if they had a gun to protect not only their families, but their property as well.Many people feel that by enacting gun control laws, we are putting ourselves at risk since many criminals own guns illegally anyway. The Constitution was written as a means of protecting certain civil liberties, one of which is life. Without the Second Amendment, we have no means of protecting our lives against the violent criminals who wish to hurt or kill us. In the article, National Briefing: South, South Carolina: Appeal to Supreme Court, the Associated Press introduces readers to the case of an imprisoned teenager in South Carolina.The teenager, who at the a ge of twelve brutally murdered his grandparents and burned down their home in 2001, was sentenced to thirty years in prison for his crime. At his trial, his lawyers claimed that his crime was a result of a medication he was taking at the time, Zoloft. When the boy was found guilty, and the sentence was announced, his lawyers planned to take the case to the Supreme Court for violating the Eighth Amendment. The Eighth Amendment protects Americans from cruel and unusual punishment, excessive fines, and excessive bail (Cornell University School of Law).Meaning that, certain crimes should not be punished with extreme sentences, huge bail amounts, or an unreasonable amount of years in prison. For a case such as described above, the punishment seems most reasonable and most likely the teenager will remain in prison. However, sometimes criminals are punished excessively for the scope of their crimes. The Eighth Amendment is very relevant in today’s society, because it protects us fro m being punished to greatly for a small crime. Imagine being given the death penalty for a parking violation.Obviously a punishment such as this would be a violation of the Bill of Rights, and should be. However, without the Eighth Amendment things such as this could happen all the time. We could serve ten years in prison for stealing a piece of bubble gum from the candy store, or be arrested for failure to pay a speeding ticket and have bail set at a million dollars. This type of punishment would be unfair, excessive, cruel, and most definitely unusual. The Eighth Amendment only protects us from such unfair treatment, and therefore is very important in a country built on fairness and freedom.Reflection Honestly, the Bill of Rights is probably the most important part of the Constitution. It protects our freedoms and rights from being taken away from us, and since our country was built on that foundation, it is important that we retain our personal rights. I do not really believe tha t any one of the first ten amendments is more important than the others, but it seems that the First Amendment is the one that is violated the most often. It also seems to be the one amendment that Americans value the most out of the ten.Without the First Amendment, should one of the others be violated, we might not have the right to speak up about it in the first place. I also think that the Eighth Amendment is very critical to our country. In other countries people are thrown in prison and put to death for doing silly crimes and that is wrong. The writers of the Bill of Rights were very clever to include this amendment because it protects us from being treated inhumanly. Overall, I think that all of the first ten amendments work together to protect our rights and freedoms, and thankfully they are usually obeyed.From this assignment I have learned a lot. I have always known that the Bill of Rights is important, but I never realized how often it is violated on an individual basis. A s a citizen of the United States, I am grateful for the rights I have been given by the Constitution. Many citizens of other countries are not so lucky, and I am afraid that many Americans take these rights for granted. I also did not realize how often new amendments are proposed, and moreover, how irrelevant some of the proposed can be. From my research I learned of one amendment meant to define and protect marriage between a man and a woman.It is very interesting to me what some people consider a personal right. I think that without the Bill of Rights, the Constitution itself would be very vague. Since it speaks of certain civil liberties, it was only logical to list those liberties within the document. When we govern by and enforce the Constitution, we are guaranteed these most important rights and freedoms, which make America a country that is privileged and different from most others across the globe. Thankfully our founding fathers envisioned a nation that was democratic and f ree.Therefore, the Bill of Rights is incredibly valuable to our country and the rights and freedoms that we are given, because without it we might not have understood exactly what America was meant to be. I can honestly say that I learned a lot by working through this project, and I think that all students in the United States should have to do similar work to appreciate what they have. Works Cited The Associated Press, â€Å"National Briefing South; South Carolina: Appeal to Supreme Court. † The New York Times 12 May 2008 14 May 2008 . Cornell University Law School, â€Å"Bill of Rights. † Constitution. 2008. Cornell University Law School. 14 May 2008 . Halbfinger, David. â€Å"A Witness Startles Court in Pellican Trial. † The New York Times 12 May 2008 14 May 2008 . Liptak, Adam. â€Å"Washington Mayor to Take Fight for Gun Law to Supreme Court. † The New York Times 12 May 2008 14 May 2008. Renquist, â€Å"Boy Scouts of America and Monmouth Council, et al. , Petitioners v. James Dale . † Findlaw for Legal Professionals. 2008. The United States Supreme Court. 13 May 2008 . Weiser, Benjamin. â€Å"Police in Gun Searches Face Disbelief in Court. † The New York Times 12 May 2008 14 May 2008 .

Essay about Forms of Healing in Ancient Times - 1518 Words

Forms of Healing in Ancient Times It is evident through ancient writings that forms of healing were present as far back as is recorded. Medicine, healers and forms of payment seem to have played an important role in the past, like they do now. However, over the centuries changes have taken place. From the time of Galen in ancient Rome to the 14th and 15th centuries in England the relationships between doctors and patients have evolved, along with the way medicine is defined and practiced. Specifically I would like to focus on forms of payment and their effect on the doctor-patient relationship and how payment and the practice of medicine have changed over time. These changes led to a healer-patient relationship that was not as†¦show more content†¦The writings of Galen describe how he was treated Eudemus, a neighbor of his, and how he came to visit him every night (Galen, 77-79). Galen was with this man through every step of his illness. One interesting thing is the way the man sits and waits for Gal en every night. After Galen takes his pulse, Eudemus hangs on Galens every word and feels better after he has talked to him. This shows again the close relationship between healer and patient and how Galens presence and prognosis gave him peace of mind, which promotes healing. Other writings, such as Epidemics, Book 1 in which there are day-by-day accounts of each patients condition also give us a sense of the doctors intimate knowledge of the person they are treating (Epidemics, 44-45). These doctors recorded every detail of sickness and any and all symptoms that the patient reported to them. These doctors wanted to try their hardest to heal their patients or if nothing else try to tell them when they would die. It appears that healers took better care of each individual and focused more of their time on each sick person. 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